METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO TEACHING PHYSICAL REHABILITATION IN ANAEMIA IN THE TRAINING OF PHYSICAL THERAPY SPECIALISTS

Abstract

The article examines methodological approaches to teaching the topic «Physical Rehabilitation in Anaemia» in higher education institutions that prepare specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy. The relevance of the problem is determined by the high prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia and vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia among the Ukrainian population, particularly in the context of the ongoing armed conflict, as well as insufficient practical competencies among students regarding the application of physical rehabilitation in haematological patients. The aim of the study is to substantiate and describe the structure of educational and methodological support for the topic, and to reveal the specifics of organising practical classes and students’ independent work. The pathophysiological basis of rehabilitation interventions is characterised: the effect of anaemia on the oxygen-transport function of the blood, exercise tolerance, and the adaptive mechanisms of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. A step-by-step model for structuring a practical lesson is proposed, utilising clinical scenarios, algorithms for assessing the patient’s functional status, and differentiated selection of therapeutic exercise methods according to the degree of anaemia. Approximate physical rehabilitation programmes for iron deficiency anaemia and B12-deficiency anaemia are presented, with methodological emphasis for the instructor. Issues of competency formation through problem-based learning and small-group work are discussed. The results of the methodological work indicate an improvement in the level of theoretical preparation and practical skills of students when applying the proposed approaches